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The 1921 Cairo Conference, described in the official minutes as Middle East Conference held in Cairo and Jerusalem, March 12 to 30, 1921, was a series of meetings by British officials for examining and discussing the Middle Eastern problems, and to frame a common policy for the future.〔''Report on Middle East Conference held in Cairo and Jerusalem, March 12th to 30th, 1921'', Part VI, p. 12. British Colonial Office, juni 1921 (CO935/1/1)〕 Particular concerns of the conference related to resolving the conflicting policies defined in the McMahon letters (1915), the Sykes-Picot agreement (1916) and the Balfour Declaration (1917). Winston Churchill, the newly appointed Colonial Secretary, called all the British Military Leaders and civil administrators in the Middle East to a conference at the Semiramis hotel in Cairo to discuss these issues. It was an experimental conference organized by the Colonial Office, with the purpose to solve problems more efficiently, with improved communications, without protracted correspondence.〔 At the conference, it was agreed that Lebanon and Syria should remain under French control and that Britain should maintain the mandate over Palestine and continue to support the establishment of a Jewish Homeland there. As the result of meetings with Abdullah bin Hussein, it was agreed that he would administer the territory east of the Jordan River, Transjordan. It was decided that Faisal should become king of a newly created Kingdom of Iraq. Husain, the Sharif of Mecca, was to be recognized as King of the Hejaz and Abdul Aziz ibn Saud left in control of the Nejd in the heart of the Arabian Desert. Both were to continue to receive financial support from Great Britain. ==Prelude== During 1920 a full scale insurgency had broken out in the new British Mandate territory in Mesopotamia. The British army was sustaining hundreds of casualties and sections of the British press were calling for the ending of the Mandate. T.E. Lawrence, whose wartime activities were beginning to capture the public imagination and who had strong attachments to the Husain dynasty based in the Hejaz, was lobbying the British Government on behalf of Emir Feisal. The Emir's attempt to establish a kingdom centered on Damascus had been thwarted by the French army. In November 1920 Feisal's older brother Abdullah appeared with several hundred followers in the town of Ma'an and announced his intention of attacking the French in Syria and restoring his brother to power there. Churchill's task as the new Colonial Secretary with special responsibility for the Middle East was to find a solution to the unrest in Iraq and satisfy the aspirations of the Husains. He appointed Lawrence as his special advisor. They held a series of meetings with Feisal in London prior to the conference.〔Garnett, David (1938) ''Letters of T.E.Lawrence'' 1942 edition. pp. 124,125. Summary by Garnett: "Evacuate Mesopotamia".〕〔Antonius, George (1938) ''The Arab Awakening. The Story of The Arab National Movement'' Hamish Hamilton 1945 edition. p.316.〕 Most of the decisions about the future of Iraq had been already decided in London. It had been decided that Feisal should become king of a newly created Kingdom of Iraq. This would be approved by a plebiscite of the local population. Once installed the King would sign a friendship treaty or Alliance with Great Britain. In a major policy change, with Lawrence arguing strongly in favour, it was decided that security in the area should be transferred from the army to the Royal Air Force. By the time the conference started the British Army had managed to crush the revolt in Mesopotamia, at the cost of £40-£50 million with over 400 British soldiers and over 10,000 Iraqis killed. It was anticipated that the new policy would make significant financial savings.〔Asher, Michael (1998) ''Lawrence. The uncrowned King of Arabia.'' Penguin edition 1999. ISBN 9780879517120. p.356.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cairo Conference (1921)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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